8. Korean Particles: 하고, 와/과, (이)랑, 에게/한테(서)

 

Korean Particles: 하고, 와/과, (이)랑, 에게/한테(서) Explained for Beginners

In Korean, we use different particles to indicate "and" and "to/from (someone)" when talking about relationships or communication. Today, we'll learn:

✅ 하고, 와/과, (이)랑 → "And" / "With" (Connecting nouns)
✅ 에게 / 한테 / 에게서 / 한테서 → "To" / "From" (Indicating a recipient or source)

Let’s go through each one with examples, using family words to make it easier! 😊

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1. 하고, 와/과, (이)랑 – "And" / "With"

These three particles are used to connect nouns, meaning "and" or "with".

• 하고 and (이)랑 are more casual.
• 와/과 is more formal/written.

🔹 Sentence Structure:

👉 Noun 1 + (하고 / 와/과 / (이)랑) + Noun 2
👉 Noun + (하고 / 와/과 / (이)랑) 같이 + Verb (for "with")

Particle Example Sentence Translation

하고	아빠하고 엄마가 있어요.	Dad and Mom are here.
와/과	오빠와 언니는 친해요.	Older brother and older sister are close.
(이)랑	동생이랑 놀아요.	I play with my younger sibling.
하고 같이	할머니하고 같이 살아요.	I live with my grandmother.

📌 Tip:

• If the noun ends in a consonant, use 이랑 (e.g., 형이랑).
• If the noun ends in a vowel, use 랑 (e.g., 누나랑).

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2. 에게 / 한테 – "To (someone)"

These particles are used when giving or saying something to someone.

• 에게 is formal/written.
• 한테 is casual/spoken.

🔹 Sentence Structure:

👉 Recipient + 에게/한테 + Verb (주다, 보내다, 말하다, 주다, 가르치다, etc.)

Particle Example Sentence Translation

에게	동생에게 선물을 줘요.	I give a gift to my younger sibling.
한테	친구한테 전화해요.	I call my friend.
에게	선생님에게 질문해요.	I ask the teacher a question.
한테	언니한테 편지를 보내요.	I send a letter to my older sister.

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3. 에게서 / 한테서 – "From (someone)"

These particles indicate who you receive something from.

• 에게서 is formal/written.
• 한테서 is casual/spoken.

🔹 Sentence Structure:

👉 Source + 에게서/한테서 + Verb (받다, 듣다, 배우다, 빌리다, etc.)

Particle Example Sentence Translation

에게서	엄마에게서 편지를 받았어요.	I received a letter from Mom.
한테서	친구한테서 선물을 받았어요.	I received a gift from my friend.
에게서	선생님에게서 한국어를 배워요.	I learn Korean from my teacher.
한테서	아빠한테서 좋은 이야기를 들었어요.	I heard a good story from Dad.

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4. Comparing the Particles

Expression Meaning Example Sentence

하고 / 와/과 / (이)랑	"And" or "With"	"엄마랑 같이 가요." (I go with Mom.)
에게 / 한테	"To (someone)"	"오빠한테 전화해요." (I call my older brother.)
에게서 / 한테서	"From (someone)"	"할머니한테서 돈을 받았어요." (I received money from Grandma.)

📌 Key Differences:
✅ 하고, 와/과, (이)랑 – Used to connect nouns ("and") or show companionship ("with").
✅ 에게 / 한테 – Used to indicate who receives something ("to").
✅ 에게서 / 한테서 – Used to indicate who gives something ("from").

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5. Useful Family Vocabulary (가족 단어)

Korean English

가족	Family
부모님	Parents
아버지 (아빠)	Father (Dad)
어머니 (엄마)	Mother (Mom)
형	Older brother (for a male)
오빠	Older brother (for a female)
누나	Older sister (for a male)
언니	Older sister (for a female)
동생	Younger sibling
할아버지	Grandfather
할머니	Grandmother

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🎯 Quick Quiz (Test Yourself!)

1️⃣ Choose the correct particle:
🔹 저는 친구(하고 / 에게) 선물을 줘요.
🔹 저는 동생(에게서 / 한테) 편지를 받아요.
🔹 저는 엄마(과 / 한테서) 한국어를 배웠어요.
🔹 아빠(하고 / 에게서) 같이 영화를 봤어요.

2️⃣ Translate into Korean:
🔹 "I give a book to my sister."
🔹 "I received a gift from my dad."
🔹 "I study with my brother."
🔹 "I call my grandmother."

Comment your answers below! ⬇️😊